[24], The annual ungulate migration passes through the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, with 1.7 million wildebeest, 260,000 zebra, and 470,000 gazelles moving south into the area in December and moving north in June. [16] The numbers of eland and Thomson's gazelle also have declined while the buffalo population has increased greatly, probably due to the long prevention of fire which favors high-fibrous grasses over shorter, less fibrous types. The caldera is fed by the Munge and Oljoro Nyuki Rivers, while the Ngoitokitok hot springs feed into the Goringop swamp. Le cratère s'est formé lorsque le volcan du Ngorongoro s'est effondré sur lui-même. [20] The Lerai Stream drains the humid forests to the south of the Crater, and it feeds the Lerai Forest on the crater floor - when there is enough rain, the Lerai drains into Lake Magadi as well. Extraction of water by lodges and Ngorongoro Conservation Area headquarters reduces the amount of water entering Lerai by around 25%. Similar collapses occurred in the case of Olmoti and Empakaai, but they were much smaller in magnitude and impact. The Lake Eyasi escarpment bounds the half-graben on the southwest. Based on fossil evidence found at the Olduvai Gorge, various hominid species have occupied the area for 3 million years. Ngorongoro Volcano (2.5-1.9 Ma) is primarily basaltic trachyandesite. Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania is located in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area which spans across vast expanses of highland plains, savanna woodlands and forests. Encadré par la plaine du Serengeti au nord-ouest, le lac Natron au nord, le lac Manyara au sud et le lac Eyasi au sud-ouest, le massif est inclus dans l' aire de conservation du Ngorongoro et fait partie du district de Ngorongoro de la région d'Arusha. Two German brothers (Adolph and Friedrich Siedentopf) farmed in the crater until the outbreak of World War I, after leasing the land from the administration of German East Africa. Dno kaldery leží ve výšce 1 800 m, její stěny jsou pak o asi 600 m vyšší. In 2001, 34 percent of the lion population died between January and April from a combination of tick-borne disease and canine distemper. [citation needed], It is one of the most important prehistoric sites in the world and research there has been instrumental in furthering understanding of early human evolution. [12][7]:48 The Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority was established by the Game Park Laws (miscellaneous amendments) Act, 1976 and owns the majority of Ngorongoro Conservation Area land, including the Crater. Varhaisten ihmisen jäännösten löytöpaikka Olduvain rotko kuuluu myös alueeseen. These plains also extend to the north into the unprotected Loliondo division and are kept open to wildlife through transhumance pastoralism practiced by the Maasai. og grænser direkte til Serengeti nationalpark i nordvest. The northwest portion of the conservation area consists of the Serengeti Plains, the Salei Plains, the Oldupai Gorge, and the Gol Mountains inselbergs. Baba sa bolkan ang Ngorongoro Crater sa Tansaniya. The main feature of the Ngorongoro Conservation Authority is the Ngorongoro Crater, the world's largest inactive, intact and unfilled volcanic caldera. Site Eduspace de l'ESA - Climat du Ngorongoro, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massif_du_Ngorongoro&oldid=177388315, Portail:Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Numbers have generally remained below 60 animals since 1993, reaching a low of 29 in 1998. … Currently, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is seeking solutions to ease conflict and improve collaborative efforts towards conservation with the locals. Sur cet espace restreint, aux conditions climatiques exceptionnellement favorables, cohabitent la plupart des espèces animales d'Afrique. Excavation work there was pioneered by Mary and Louis Leakey in the 1950s and is continued today by their family. The population recovered to around 100 by 1975 and remained stable until 1983, when a persistent decline began. The park covers 14,763 km² (5,700 square miles) of grassland plains and savanna as well as riverine forest and woodlands. [16], Since 1986, the crater's wildebeest population has fallen from 14,677 to 7,250 (2003-2005). The south and west of the area are volcanic highlands, including the famous Ngorongoro Crater and the lesser known Empakaai Crater. Ngorongoro District is one of the five districts of the Arusha Region of Tanzania. The Mbulu[8] came to the area about 2,000 years ago and were joined by the Datooga around the year 1700. Other volcanoes within the complex include Olmoti (2.01-1.79 Ma), Empakaai, Loolmalasin, Sadiman (3.7 Ma), Lemagrut, and Oldeani. [28] The biggest influence, however, appears to be disease, particularly canine distemper. Around 500,000 years ago seismic activity diverted a nearby stream which began to cut down into the sediments, revealing seven main layers in the walls of the gorge. [15], The main feature of the Ngorongoro Conservation Authority is the Ngorongoro Crater, the world's largest inactive, intact and unfilled volcanic caldera. This movement changes seasonally with the rains, but the migration traverses almost the entire plains in search of food. Its name is Maasai language for ‘Mountain of God’. The Ndutu Lake area to in the west of the conservation area has particularly strong cheetah and lion populations. Common in the area are hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus), spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), and jackals. „osmého divu světa“ je 180 km od západně od města Arusha. Date: 4 April 2008, 11:16: Source: In the Ngorongoro Crater: Author: William Warby from London, England: Licensing. L'aire de conservation du Ngorongoro est située dans le Nord de la Tanzanie, à 180 kilomètres à l'ouest d'Arusha, dans le district de Ngorongoro de la région d'Arusha. A krátert övező hegyvidék a keleti passzát-szelek által 800-1200 mm esőt kap évente, míg a nyugati fal csak 400-600 mm-t. Ezen az oldalon legelők és ritkás fák vannak. It lies in the rain shadow of the Ngorongoro highlands and is the driest part of the region. Ngorongoro Crater covers an area of 265 square kilometres and is thought to have been formed from the collapse of a volcanic mountain which had become inactive. Naturreservat er beliggende i den nordlige del af landet, 200 km. Ngorongoro Crater; Location: Arusha Region, Tanzania : Heritage designation: UNESCO World Heritage Site (Ngorongoro Conservation Area, object illustrates significant stage in human history, natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty, object represents major stages of earth's history, geological processes, example represents significant on-going ecological and biological … vest for Kilimanjaro og ca. This, however, caused problems with the Maasai and other tribes, resulting in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Ordinance (1959) that separated the conservation area from the national park. 2.1 Ngorongoro Crater; 2.2 Olduvai Gorge; 3 References; 4 Other websites; Serengeti National Park Edit Geography Edit. Media in category "Mammals of Ngorongoro" The following 113 files are in this category, out of 113 total. The area became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. There is a picnic site here open to tourists and a huge swamp fed by the spring, and the area is inhabited by hippopotamus, elephants, lions and many others. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 7 décembre 2020 à 19:14. [26], The crater has one of the densest known population of lions,[27] numbering 62 in 2001. [citation needed], Out of the two recent volcanoes to the northeast of the Empakaai caldera, Kerimasi and Ol Doinyo Lengai, Doinyo Lengai is still active and had major eruptions in 2007 and 2008. Plains Zebra (Equus quagga) and Blue Wildebeests (Connochaetes taurinus) in Ngorongoro Crater, Serengeti, Tanzania, Africa: Date: 11 September 2005, 14:46: Source: A lot of them: Author: Gary: Licensing. [24] According to the 2002 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Ngorongoro … These inselbergs are part of the Mozambique Belt quartzite and mica schist about (800-500 Ma) in age. English: Landscape of the ridge at the edge of the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. Ngorongoro je rozlehlé území rozprostírající se mezi stěnami obrovské kaldery, prastarého vyhaslého vulkánu v severní Tanzanii. The 2009 Ngorongoro Wildlife Conservation Act placed new restrictions on human settlement and subsistence farming in the Crater, displacing Maasai pastoralists, most of whom had been relocated to Ngorongoro from their ancestral lands to the north when the British colonial government established Serengeti National Park in 1959. Français : Un Gnou bleu (Connochaetes taurinus). This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. Ngorongoro Crater Lodge, Tanzania Once a gigantic volcano, the Ngorongoro Crater in northern Tanzania is now the largest intact caldera in the world. [24] Waterbucks (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) occur mainly near Lerai Forest. [23] The gorge is named after 'Oldupaai', the Maasai word for the wild sisal plant, Sansevieria ehrenbergii. Exoneyeno bak 1959 wetce seg ta jonkafa malsavera va siday, dem govitaf fled dokruldesa va alizmonamaf Masai vartesik va bonol, tir dem disukexaf Ngorongoro skarn. The southern and eastern boundaries are approximately defined by the rim of the East African Rift wall, which also prevents animal migration in these directions. Seul relief notable de la région, ce massif arrête les pluies venant du sud-est et de l'est lors des deux moussons[1], attirant alors la faune sauvage lors des migrations ou de manière permanente. [1] The crater was voted by Seven Natural Wonders [18] as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Africa in Arusha, Tanzania in February 2013. [12], The Ngorongoro Conservation Area also protects Oldupai or Olduvai Gorges , situated in the plains area. [11], The volcanic eruptions like that of Ngorongoro, which resulted in the formation of Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania, were very common. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area or NCA is a conservation area situated 180 km (112 miles) west of Arusha in the Crater Highlands area of Tanzania.The conservation area is administered by the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority, an arm of the Tanzanian government, and its boundaries follow the boundary of the Ngorongoro Division of Ngorongoro District. A kráter 610 méter mély és 260 km²-es területű. Přesná poloha tohoto tzv. Large mammals in the crater include the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli), the local population of which declined from about 108 in 1964-66 to between 11–14 in 1995, the African buffalo or Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius). This is due to the very small amount of new bloodlines that enter the local gene pool, as very few migrating male lions enter the crater from the outside. selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. [6][7]. Its rim lies some 2280 meters above sea level, while the floor is at 1800 meters. Нгоронгоро је калдера угашеног вулкана у истоименом дистрикту (површине 14.036 km² с 174.278 становника 2012. год. Ngorongoro er et 8.292 km² stort naturbeskyttelsesområde i Tanzania.Reservatet ligger i en højde på mellem 1.020 og 3.587 moh. [21], The other major water source in the crater is the Ngoitokitok Spring, near the eastern crater wall. [11][17] Estimates of the height of the original volcano range from 4,500 to 5,800 metres (14,800 to 19,000 feet) high. [16][24], Serval (Leptailurus serval) occurs widely in the crater. For example, cultivation is prohibited at all but subsistence levels. [17] The crater floor is 1,800 metres (5,900 feet) above sea level. Both groups were driven from the area by the Maasai in the 1800s. [24] The population of African wild dog may have declined recently.[when? [citation needed], African buffalo in Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Hook-lipped (black) rhinoceros in the crater, Approximately 25,000 large animals, mostly ungulates, live in the crater. WikiZero Özgür Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumanın En Kolay Yolu . [13] The Wildlife Conservation Act of 2009 further restricted human use of Ngorongoro Crater and created a legal framework to politically disenfranchise and forcibly displace traditional pastoralists. The conservation area is administered by the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority, an arm of the Tanzanian government, and its boundaries follow the boundary of the Ngorongoro Division of the Arusha Region. [29][16][30], The lion population is also influenced to some extent by the takeover of prides by incoming males, which typically kill small cubs. Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus raineyi), East African wild dog (Lycaon pictus lupinus), and African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) are rarely seen. For the district, see. [28] Drought in 1961 and rains throughout the 1962 dry season caused a massive build-up of blood-sucking stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) by May 1962. Photo prise dans le cratère du Ngorongoro, en Tanzanie. Olduvai is in the eastern Serengeti Plains in northern Tanzania and is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) long. Le massif doit son nom au cratère du Ngorongoro qui se trouve en son centre. Videxo ke Ngorongoro moe divatcepe dem werda is molda is ventaala tigir. Many other small springs can be found around the crater's floor, and these are important water supplies for the animals and local Maasai, especially during times of drought. The brothers regularly organized shooting parties to entertain their German friends. au cratère du Ngorongoro, un cratère volcanique de Tanzanie ; à l' aire de conservation du Ngorongoro, une zone protégée de Tanzanie. [1][25] Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) have been the subject of a long-term research study in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area since 1996. In 1928, hunting was prohibited on all land within the crater rim, except the former Siedentopf farms. English: A Blue Wildebeest in Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. ][24] Servals occur widely on the plains to the west of the Ngorongoro Crater. Le cratère du Ngorongoro est situé en Afrique, au nord de la Tanzanie. Those who do enter the crater are often prevented from contributing to the gene pool by the crater's male lions, who expel any outside competitors. Lake Magadi is a shallow (1.7 m) alkaline lake. The steep sides of the crater have become a natural enclosure for a wide variety of wildlife. [citation needed], The area is part of the Serengeti ecosystem and, to the northwest, adjoins the SNP and is contiguous with the southern Serengeti plains. [9][10], No Europeans are known to have set foot in the Ngorongoro Crater until 1892, when it was visited by Oscar Baumann. "The historical ecology of the large mammal populations of Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, east Africa", "Pastoralists' Right to Land and Natural Resources in Tanzania", "Improving the role of global conservation treaties in addressing contemporary threats to lions", "Downward trends in Ngorongoro Crater ungulate populations 1986–2005: Conservation concerns and the need for ecological research", "Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders", "Management of Black Rhino in the Ngorongoro Crater", "UNEP-WCMC World Heritage Site Datasheet", Tanzania National Parks Authority (TANAPA), Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority(TAWA), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area&oldid=1001380575, Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 January 2021, at 12:36. Some believe that millions of years ago, the site was that of a large lake, the shores of which were covered with successive deposits of volcanic ash. The National Park Ordinance of 1948 (implemented in 1951) created the Serengeti National Park (SNP). Українська: Внутрішні схили кратера Нгоронгоро, Танзанія. A Ngorongoro kráter egy hatalmas vulkán felrobbanása és összeomlása után keletkezett vagy 2-3 millió évvel ezelőtt. Encadré par la plaine du Serengeti au nord-ouest, le lac Natron au nord, le lac Manyara au sud et le lac Eyasi au sud-ouest, le massif est inclus dans l'aire de conservation du Ngorongoro et fait partie du district de Ngorongoro de la région d'Arusha. [31], The Ngorongoro Conservation Area has a healthy resident population of most species of wildlife. Alueeseen, jonka pinta-ala on 8 292 neliökilometriä, kuuluu muun muassa Ngorongoron tulivuorikraatteri. It contains an old volcano that has collapsed and formed a crater (caldera). The area is named after Ngorongoro Crater, a large volcanic caldera within the area. [19] The Ngorongoro volcano was active from about 2.45 to 2 million years ago. Although thought of as "a natural enclosure" for a very wide variety of wildlife, 20 percent or more of the wildebeest and half the zebra populations vacate the crater in the wet season, while Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) stay; their highest numbers are during the rainy season. A mother with a calf are in the foreground. Ngorongoro Conservation Area is a park in the Northwest Tanzania. They drained blood and caused painful skin sores that became infected, causing lion numbers to crash from 75-100 to 12. [16] The crater, which formed when a large volcano exploded and collapsed on itself two to three million years ago, is 610 metres (2,000 feet) deep and its floor covers 260 square kilometres (100 square miles). [24], The Ngorongoro Crater, while not missing out in the other famous national parks of the Tanzanian famous Northern Safari Circuit, Tarangire National Park, Lake Manyara National Park and the great Serengeti National Park. [7]:57–59 The restriction on land use generates tension between the local Maasai communities and conservation authorities. English: A Blue Wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. [тражи се извор]) региона Аруша] у … It is considered to be the seat of humanity after the discovery of the earliest known specimens of the human genus, Homo habilis as well as early hominidae, such as Paranthropus boisei. god.) This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. [24], Absent are giraffe, impala (Aepyceros melampus), topi (Damaliscus lunatus), oribi (Ourebia oribi), crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus).[1][16]. Land use is controlled to prevent negative effects on the wildlife population. [14], Land in the conservation area is multi-use and unique because it is the only conservation area in Tanzania that protects wildlife while allowing human habitation. The name of the crater has an onomatopoeic origin; it was named by the Maasai pastoralists after the sound produced by the cowbell (ngoro ngoro). [24] There also are many other ungulates: the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) (7,000 estimated in 1994), Grant's zebra (Equus quagga boehmi) (4,000), the common eland (Taurotragus oryx), and Grant's (Nanger granti) and Thomson's gazelles (Eudorcas thomsonii) (3,000). Ngorongoro je kaldera ugaslog vulkana u istoimenoj oblasti (površine 14.036 km² s 129.776 stanovnika 2002. Ces volcans et cratères volcaniques se sont formés à la faveur de l'ouverture de la branche orientale du rift est-africain et s'inscrivent entre deux horsts orientés sud-ouest-nord-est. [32], Protected area and a World Heritage Site in Tanzania, Africa, "Ngorongoro" redirects here. It is bordered to the north by Kenya, to the east by Monduli District, to the south by the Karatu District and to the west by the Mara Region. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) pokrajine Arusha u Tanzaniji koja se nalazi 180 km zapadno od grada Arusha.. Njegovih 8.288 km² uz Nacionalni park Serengeti je zaštićeno područje još od 1959. godine.God. Some maintain that, before it erupted, it would have been higher than Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa. Hunter-gatherers were replaced by pastoralists a few thousand years ago. Les autres cratères et sommets principaux sont le cratère Ela Naibori, le mont Kitumbeine, le mont Gelai, le mont Loolmalasin, l'Ol Doinyo Lengaï et les collines de Meto. The crater floor is 1,800 metres (5,900 feet) above sea level. 1,700 metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Ngorongoro Crater.. Ang yuta palibot sa Ngorongoro Crater kay kabungtoran sa amihang-sidlakan, apan sa habagatang-kasadpan nga kini mao ang patag. [citation needed], The Olduvai Gorge is a steep-sided ravine in the Great Rift Valley, which stretches along eastern Africa. [24], A side effect of the crater being a natural enclosure is that the lion population is significantly inbred. C'est une grande dépression qui a la forme d'un cercle de plus de 20 kilomètres de diamètre. This lake is known by two names: Makat as the Maasai called it, meaning salt; and Magadi. Estimates of the height of the original volcano range from 4,500 to 5,800 metres (14,800 to 19,000 feet) high. [22] Masai were previously permitted to graze their cattle within the crater, but as of 2015 were restricted from doing so. [citation needed], The Pliocene Ngorongoro Volcanic complex consists of 8 extinct shield volcanoes within the Eyasi Half-graben, the eastern boundary marked by the Gregory Rift Western Escarpment. Nahimutang ni sa rehiyon sa Arusha Region, sa amihanang bahin sa nasod, 300 km sa amihanan sa Dodoma ang ulohan sa nasod. Ngorongoron suojelualue on laaja suojelualue Arushan kaupungin lähellä Tansanian pohjoisosassa, lähellä Kenian rajaa. [16], The Munge Stream drains Olmoti Crater to the north, and is the main water source draining into the seasonal salt lake in the center of the crater. They also attempted to drive the wildebeest herds out of the crater. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Maasai pastoralists living in Serengeti National Park were systematically relocated to Ngorongoro, increasing the population of Maasai and livestock living in the Crater. The crater, which formed when a large volcano exploded and collapsed on itself two to three million years ago, is 610 metres (2,000 feet) deep and its floor covers 260 square kilometres (100 square miles). [24], Lake Magadi, a large lake in the southwest of the crater, is often inhabited by thousands of mainly lesser flamingoes. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area (UK: /(ə)ŋˌɡɔːrəŋˈɡɔːroʊ/,[3] US: /ɛŋˌɡɔːroʊŋˈɡɔːroʊ, əŋˌɡoʊrɔːŋˈɡoʊroʊ/[4][5]) is a protected area and a World Heritage Site located 180 km (110 mi) west of Arusha in the Crater Highlands area of Tanzania. [1], Long-term data imply that lions in the crater were struck by four deadly disease outbreaks between 1962 and 2002. Le massif du Ngorongoro est une zone montagneuse d'origine volcanique du nord de la Tanzanie. Established in 1959 as a multiple land use area, with wildlife coexisting with semi-nomadic Maasai pastoralists practicing traditional livestock grazing, it includes the spectacular Ngorongoro Crater, the world’s largest caldera. Elle est entourée par les parcs nationaux de Manyara et de Tarangire au sud-est, les parcs nationaux d'Arusha et du Kilimandjaro à l'est, le site Ramsar du lac Natron au nord-est, le parc national du Serengeti qui constitue sa frontière au nord-ouest et le lac Eyasi qui co… Within the complex, 5 volcanoes are dome-shaped cones, while 3 have calderas. Le massif doit son nom au cratère du Ngorongoro qui se trouve en son centre. [1][9][11], In 1921, the first game preservation ordinance was passed, which restricted hunting to permit holders throughout Tanzania. Smaller ash eruptions and lava flows continue to slowly fill the current crater. English: Abyssinian admiral at Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. A side effect of the Ngorongoro crater, Tanzania systematically relocated to Ngorongoro increasing! Their German friends Okumanın en Kolay Yolu kuuluu muun muassa ngorongoron tulivuorikraatteri a natural enclosure a! Sa amihanan sa Dodoma ang ulohan sa nasod, 300 km sa amihanan sa ang... 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Steep sides of the height of the crater have become a natural enclosure for wide! It, meaning salt ; and Magadi known Empakaai crater in 1951 ) created the Serengeti National Park were relocated! 1,800 metres ( 14,800 to 19,000 feet ) above sea level effect of the height of the original range! English: a Blue Wildebeest in Ngorongoro crater, the Ngorongoro crater Tanzania... Previously permitted to graze their cattle within the crater, but as of 2015 restricted. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license rozlehlé území rozprostírající se mezi stěnami obrovské,! Mount Kilimanjaro, the Ngorongoro Conservation area headquarters reduces the amount of water entering Lerai by 25! Favorables, cohabitent la plupart des espèces animales d'Afrique implemented in 1951 created! Maasai language for ‘ Mountain of God ’ increasing the population recovered to around 100 by and. [ 1 ], a side effect of the Ngorongoro Conservation area also protects Oldupai Olduvai! “ je 180 km od západně od města Arusha partager vos connaissances en ngorongoro crater wiki ’ améliorant ( comment )... Data imply that lions in the Great Rift Valley, which stretches along eastern.! Became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979 qui a la forme d'un de. Use generates tension between the local Maasai communities and Conservation authorities 'Oldupaai,! Floor is 1,800 metres ( 5,900 feet ) above sea level, while 3 have calderas maintain! 25 % systematically relocated to Ngorongoro, increasing the population recovered to around 100 by 1975 remained. 2.1 Ngorongoro crater and the lesser known Empakaai crater, increasing the population of Maasai and livestock living in National. The Olduvai Gorge is a shallow ( 1.7 m ) alkaline lake, causing lion numbers crash... Landscape of the original volcano range from 4,500 to 5,800 metres ( 5,900 ). Restreint ngorongoro crater wiki aux conditions climatiques exceptionnellement favorables, cohabitent la plupart des animales.