Principles of Public Administration: An Introduction. A civil servant or public servant is a person in the public sector employed for a government department or agency. The study and practice of public bureaucracy is called public administration. This essay aims to identify key similarities and differences between two theory by comparing detailed aspects which including focus, the comprehension of structure ,basic assumptions of person and the task of leader, simultaneously, exploring how Classical Management theory and Human Relations theory can reconcile the incompatibilities between the approaches. A matter may have been subject of consideration in the department and on which the Minister and his officials have exchanged minutes in the file, each one expressing his own views as a result of the data and information assembled on the issue. Dubois, H.F.W. Organization – a permanent feature in human life: - My notion is, I said, that a state comes into existence because no individual is self -sufficing; we all have many needs. Unfortunately, since management is a purposive activity, the definitions are differing toward various purposes in each field it involve. In a word, the security and independence of the state, social and economic welfare of the people depend upon the effective and efficient functioning of public administration. A number of these activities are no longer viewed as an exclusive domain of the State. Our new experience shows that many operational tasks, professional decision-making, execution of supervision, testing etc. While Ezeani (2006) posits that public administration is the management of government activities. In this course however, it means “governmental.” Public administration simply means governmental administration that operates in a political setting. (1982), Public Administration in Nigeria. It encompasses the management of public agencies that carry out public policies in order to fulfill state purposes in the public interest. “Management is a process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the efforts of organizational resources to achieve stated organizational goals”, stated Stoner (1982, p. 8). Thus, they need the variety of experts found in the public administration such as; teachers for managing educational institutions and impacting knowledge into students and pupil in such institutions, doctors whose responsibilities are to save lives through preventive and curative measures using the equipment in the hospitals and clinics established by the government, industrialists for sustaining the industries established, accountants, whose task is to keep proper records of financial dealings of governments in addition to working out strategies of generating revenue for financing the activities of government, engineers that invent, operate and maintain equipment and machines procured to serve various purposes in all departments of government and soldiers whose responsibility is to maintain both internal and external security etc. Meanwhile, as Scientific Management focuses on increasing productivity, the second school of thought, the Administrative Management, focuses more on the efficiency of management of organization (Cabo 44). Management theories are reasonably recent. Financial 4. Quantitative Management Theory brought together experts from scientific disciplines to address staffing, materials, logistics, … Jeong Chun Hai @Ibrahim, & Nor Fadzlina Nawi. He believed that organizations should be managed impersonally and that a formal organizational structure, where specific rules were followed, was important. Maduabum, C.P. It is generally observed that administration is present in all human organization irrespective of its nature. Independent and Educated, but Arrogant Ladies, Hardly Have Stable Families in South Sudan, Final Investigation Report – President Kiir’s Investigation Committee Over the Killing of Civilians in Sherkat, Juba, South Sudan, June 2020. It is based on the belief that people are rational economic creature. As a group member I took on a task of researching his theory. Public officials in the civil service, in the universities, local government service, statutory corporations, etc. Government activities have not only grown in size, they have also grown in complexity. Commercial 3. * BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT THEORY which focuses on strict implementation of rules and regulation, hierarchy systems in achieving maximum efficiency. NOUN (2012) MPA 740- THEORIES AND PRACTICE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. Other traditional theories of administration include the "Neoclassical" approach to administration which adopted a mechanical approach that ignored human nature and the “Behavioral Management Approach” which based its management theories on the idea that administrators could pursue democratic and flexible solutions. Specific issues to be covered here are: absorption of the work of government, meeting the challenges of government activities, implementation of government decisions, detaching of political activities from administrative work, negotiation, conciliation and arbitration and communication. Classical management still takes place in today’s management concepts. He believes that its study must therefore lead to the most efficient way of organizing the executive branch of the government, its functions and its procedures. Public administration can also be seen as the activities of groups cooperating to accomplish the common goals of government. Dr. John Garang’s Speech on the Conclusion of the CPA, January 9, 2005. It is responsible for public works such as urban and other road constructions. In some countries it organizes the provision of housing, day care facilities for pre -school children and public transportation. It is a pattern of routinized activities, involving decision making, planning, advising, co-ordination, negotiation, conciliation, arbitration, command and data gathering, through which the government carries out its responsibilities.”. Dear Juba City Council: Where is Juba City Central Business District? ...ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY: An assortment of current important news mainly about South Sudan or the World. He was contemporary to Taylor. The author, Ter Manyang, is an administrator and chairperson of Gawaar Nuer-Community in Uganda. Matters may reach a stage at which the Minister is convinced that it is necessary to consult, inform or seek approval of the Executive Council. Center for Research and Conflict Resolution (PACREP). South Sudan’s Development Agenda: What Role Can China Play? One cardinal issue here which attention must be paid is the issue of policy implementation. Taylor was basically concerned with organizational fucntions, whereas Fayol was interested in the total organization. Lagos: Longman Nigeria Ltd. Bahro, R. (1986). Gordon Clapp defines public administration “as a public instrument whereby democratic society may be more completely realized.” This implies that it must “relate itself to concepts of justice, liberty, and fuller economic opportunity for human beings” and is thus “concerned with “people, with ideas, and with things. Administrative Management Theory. His analysis of the work performed by managers in each industry revealed the following elementary facts that the core set of activities performed by managers quite often overlapped with each other and the common activities included: 1. It is after these essential preliminaries have been carried out that rules and regulations, and directives are issued by government. This peculiarity arises out of the fact that public administration is an action part of government, the means by which the purposes and goals of government are realized. Administration also connotes such activities as implementation of organizational decisions and goals as well as the systematic study of these activities. Traditional management theory has its origins with Frederick W. Taylor and his influential The Principles of Scientific Management. • Selecting, training, and developing workers instead of allowing them to choose their own tasks and train themselves The administrative management theory is a stellar piece of work by worker turned entrepreneur Henri Fayol. And such a complexity demands different kinds of expertise for various activities. The five functions of managers, according to Fayol were plan, organize, command, coordinate, and control. It may be noted that Taylor is known as the father of scientific management, i.e. can be decentralized and transferred to self-government or to private entities. Submitting your Opinion Article (s) to the Editor. Fair remuneration 8. It has clear rules and regulations which are strictly followed. It should also be stated clearly that stress on the conception of public administration as service to the public does not mean, on the other hand, a denial of the power, authoritative component of public administration. "We the willing, led by the unknowing, are doing the impossible for the ungrateful. A flat or hierarchical structure commonly adapts to an organisation (Goessl, 2010). This balancing involves consultations, negotiation, and compromise. Its actual role consists in the provision of services and regulation of inter-group relations in society. According to Simon (1970), administration refers to the activities of groups cooperating to accomplish goals. Q1. Nnoli, O. Experience has shown that more is produced or achieved under conditions of a division of labor than under conditions where no such division of labor exists. They need the help of experts and better minds. In public service, administrative officials perform a considerable portion of their task through communication which could either be in oral or in written forms. Understanding and applying the best practices from management theories can help you be more effective in guiding your team to success. They deal with; foreign governments at the same time as they must oversee internal and external trade, the industrial and agricultural growth of the country; this involves embarking on measures that will create a conducive environment for both foreign and local investors, the health of the population by establishing specialists and general hospitals as well as clinics for tertiary, secondary and primary health care delivery and maintenance of facilities therein, educational development through setting up of primary, secondary, and tertiary as well as Universities across the nation, most significant is also the servicing of these institutions, governments across the world have a demanding task of power generation which is the life wire of all the economic and social activities, the task of ensuring both internal and external security remains one of the topmost activities of government, security challenges have increased over the years, aware of the vast needs of the public and the lean resources always at the disposal of governments, governments have the responsibilities of employing effective measures for management of state resources, encouragement of development in science and technology: governments embark on measures aimed at encouraging scientific and technological innovations and promotion of sporting activities: Various sporting activities are encouraged by the government to keep her citizens healthy and entertain the populace (Nnoli, 2003).

theories of administration and management

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